pISSN: 1975-4604
한국음악연구, Vol.64 (2018)
pp.131~160
수심가 ‘떠는목’의 유형과 특징
본고는 음성․음향 분석 프로그램 Praat를 활용하여 수심가에서 나타나는 떠는목의 유형과 창자별 특징을 분석하는 데에 연구목적을 두었다. 수심가에서 떠는목은 주로 ‘라’에 쓰이는데, ‘라’가 출현하는 모든 부분을 분석하지 않고, 떠는목의 유형과 창자별 특징을 도출하는 데에 중요하다고 판단되는 부분을 선별하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 수심가에서 ‘라’에 쓰이는 떠는목을 크게 4가지 경우, 즉 ‘라’를 4~5박 지속하여 떠는 경우, 끌어내려서 ‘라’를 떠는 경우, 짧은 시가의 ‘라’를 떠는 경우, ‘레-라’진행에서 ‘라’를 떠는 경우로 구분하였다. 시대별 떠는목의 변화를 살피기 위해 20세기 전반기의 창자들과 20세기 후반기 창자들로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 서도소리 떠는목은 목을 약간 조이고 떨면서 유연하게 운용하거나 촉급한 듯 꾹 누르면서 끌어 내리는 방법, 강하고 굵게 끌어내리거나 올리면서 떠는 등으로 표현되는 다양한 특징이 나타났다. 또한 같은 부분에 쓰인 떠는목이 창자마다 다양하게 운용된 측면도 밝혔다. 창자에 따른 개인적인 차이는 창자의 음악성과 아울러 발성법으로 인해 유발되는데, 떠는목 운용에서 음고 변화를 주는 방식보다는 발성과 호흡법에 의해 유발되는 차이가 매우 큰 점을 알 수 있었다. 서도소리의 떠는목은 창자에 따른 특징이 존재하지만, 시대적인 차이도 드러났다. 20세기 전반의 창자들은 시대별 보편적인 특징보다 창자 개인별 특징이 보였고, 반면에 후대로 올수록 창자별 차이보다는 보편적이고 정형화된 양상을 보였다.
The Types and Characteristics of ‘Vibrating Neck’ of Susim-ga
This paper focuses on Susim-ga for the types and characteristics of vibrating neck of the Seodo-sori. The voice and sound were analyzed by using the analysis program, Praat, in order to assess the vibrating neck that is used for Susim-ga. The measurement by Praat was based on the "la" sound, which is a characteristic of Seodo-sori that uses the vibrating neck. The vibrating neck is mainly used for "la" in Susim-ga however, not all parts where "la" appears were analyzed but only the parts that were considered to be important in deducting the types of vibrating neck and characteristics of each singer were analyzed for convenience. The vibrating neck used for Susim-ga was classified into four cases: when "la" is continuously vibrated for four to five beats, when "la" is vibrated while being pulled down, when "la"is vibrated for a short period of time, and when "la" is vibrated when conducting "re-la". The vibrating neck was analyzed after being divided on the basis of singers of the first half of the 20th century and singers of the second half of the 20th century. As a result of the analysis, the vibrating neck of Seodo-sori demonstrated a variety of characteristics, such as how to slightly tighten the neck while flexibly vibrating the neck or the method of pulling down while pressing down as if it there is pressure or the way of strongly pulling down with impact or to bring it up while vibrating, etc. In addition, it was recognized that the vibrating neck used in the same parts of the song is used in various ways by each singer. Personal differences among singers are caused by vocalization as well as the musicality of the individual singer. It was also shown that the differences caused by vocalization and breathing method are much greater than the change in pitch of the vibrating neck. The characteristics of the vibrating neck of Seodo-sori exist according to the traits of different singers and periodic differences were also found. More individual characteristics rather than general characteristics were found in singers of the first half of the 20th century, while singers of the second half of the 20th century demonstrated more general and stereotypical aspects than individual differences.
